Alstroemeria, commonly known as Peruvian lilies or Lily of the Incas, are cherished for their vibrant, long-lasting blooms that grace gardens from early summer to the first frosts. Learning how to grow Alstroemeria can transform your garden into a colourful haven, whether you’re a novice or seasoned gardener. These hardy perennials are relatively easy to cultivate, thriving in various UK climates with proper care. This guide provides a detailed roadmap for growing Alstroemeria, covering variety selection, planting, maintenance, and more, tailored specifically for UK gardeners.
Takeaway List
Here’s a quick overview of essential tips for the topic of how to grow Alstroemeria:
- Planting Time: Spring or early summer for optimal growth.
- Soil Needs: Well-drained, fertile soil to prevent root rot.
- Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade for vibrant blooms.
- Watering: Regular moisture without waterlogging.
- Fertilising: Balanced fertiliser in spring and summer.
- Pruning: Deadhead and cut back to encourage new growth.
- Propagation: Divide tubers in spring or autumn.
- Pest Control: Monitor for aphids and slugs.
- Winter Protection: Mulch to shield from frost.
- Varieties: Select from diverse colours and sizes.
Understanding Alstroemeria
Alstroemeria are herbaceous perennials native to South America, particularly Peru and Chile, growing from tuberous roots. They produce clusters of lily-like flowers on sturdy stems, available in shades of white, pink, red, orange, purple, and yellow, often with distinctive streaks or spots. Their long vase life makes them a favourite for cut flowers, while their hardiness suits UK gardens. Understanding how to grow Alstroemeria begins with appreciating their growth cycle: they emerge in spring, bloom through summer and autumn, and die back in winter.
Choosing the Right Variety
Selecting the appropriate Alstroemeria variety is crucial for success. Some varieties are compact, ideal for containers, while others are taller, perfect for borders. Popular choices include:
- Alstroemeria ‘Indian Summer’: Features striking orange and yellow flowers with dark foliage, reaching 60-80cm.
- Inticancha Series: Compact, disease-resistant plants with a wide colour range, ideal for pots.
- Alstroemeria ‘Princess Lilies’: Small, showy blooms, perfect for smaller gardens.
Consider your garden’s size, climate, and aesthetic preferences when choosing. For colder UK regions, opt for hardier varieties to ensure winter survival.
When and Where to Plant
Best Time to Plant
The ideal time for planting Alstroemeria is spring or early summer, when soil temperatures are above 10°C, promoting root establishment. In milder southern UK regions, autumn planting is viable, allowing roots to settle before winter.
Location
Alstroemeria thrive in full sun to partial shade, requiring at least six hours of sunlight daily for optimal flowering. Well-drained soil is essential, as waterlogged conditions can cause root rot. For heavy clay soils common in the UK, incorporate organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure to improve drainage.
Planting Alstroemeria
Mastering how to grow Alstroemeria involves proper planting techniques:
- In Containers: Use pots at least 30cm deep to accommodate tubers. Fill with a mix of potting compost and perlite for drainage. Place one plant per pot for smaller varieties or space larger ones 30cm apart.
- In Garden Beds: Dig a hole twice the width and depth of the root ball. Position the plant so the top of the tubers is 10-15cm below the soil surface. Backfill with soil, firm gently, and water thoroughly.
Space plants 30-45cm apart to allow for spreading. Water after planting to settle the soil.
Caring for Alstroemeria
Watering
Alstroemeria requires consistent moisture, especially during establishment. Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not soggy. Once established, they tolerate short dry spells, but regular watering enhances blooming. Avoid overhead watering to prevent fungal issues.
Fertilising
Apply a balanced fertiliser (e.g., 10-10-10) in spring as growth begins, and again in summer to support flowering. Alternatively, use a high-potash fertiliser, like tomato feed, to boost blooms. Avoid over-fertilising, which can lead to lush foliage at the expense of flowers.
Mulching
Apply a 5-10cm layer of organic mulch, such as bark or compost, around plants to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Refresh mulch annually in spring.
Deadheading and Pruning
To prolong blooming, remove spent flowers by pulling stems gently from the base, which encourages new growth. After the flowering season, cut back stems to 10cm above ground to tidy the plant and promote next year’s growth.
UK-Specific Care – How to Grow Alstroemeria
UK gardeners face unique challenges due to variable weather. In wet summers, slugs and snails can damage young shoots; use organic controls like nematodes or beer traps. In northern regions, choose frost-tolerant varieties and mulch heavily. Southern gardeners can experiment with a broader range of varieties but should monitor for botrytis in humid conditions.
Propagation
Propagating Alstroemeria is straightforward and cost-effective. Divide clumps every 2-3 years in spring or autumn:
- Lift the plant carefully with a garden fork.
- Shake off excess soil to expose tubers.
- Separate tubers, ensuring each division has at least one growth point.
- Replant immediately in prepared soil, watering well.
This method rejuvenates plants and increases your stock, making it perfect for expanding your garden or sharing with others.
Pest and Disease Control
If you want to know how to grow Alstroemeria successfully, then you will need to know what kind of pests you will have to fight against:
- Aphids: These sap-sucking insects can distort leaves. Control with insecticidal soap or introduce ladybirds.
- Slugs and Snails: Common in damp UK conditions, they chew young shoots. Use barriers or organic pellets.
- Botrytis (Grey Mould): A fungal disease in wet weather. Ensure good air circulation and remove affected parts promptly.
Regular inspection and good garden hygiene minimise these problems.
Winter Care
In most UK regions, Alstroemeria are hardy to -10°C, but winter protection is advisable. Apply a 10-15cm layer of mulch (straw, bark, or compost) over the root zone in late autumn to insulate against frost. In colder areas, lift tubers after the first frost, store in a cool, dry place, and replant in spring.
By ensuring proper winter care, you’re taking a crucial step in learning how to grow Alstroemeria successfully.
Harvesting for Cut Flowers
Alstroemeria’s long-lasting blooms are ideal for vases. Harvest stems in the morning or evening when flowers are just opening. Cut at an angle, remove lower leaves, and place in water immediately. Change vase water every 2-3 days and recut stems to extend vase life up to two weeks.
Harvesting is not just about enjoying the flowers indoors; it’s also an important part of how to grow Alstroemeria, as it encourages the plant to produce more blooms.
Top 10 Tips for Growing Alstroemeria
To ensure success, follow these expert tips for how to grow Alstroemeria:
- Select Suitable Varieties: Match varieties to your garden’s climate and space.
- Time Planting Correctly: Plant in spring or early summer for best results.
- Prioritise Drainage: Use well-drained soil to prevent tuber rot.
- Optimise Sunlight: Ensure 6+ hours of sun for prolific blooms.
- Water Consistently: Maintain even moisture without waterlogging.
- Fertilise Strategically: Use balanced or high-potash fertilisers seasonally.
- Deadhead Regularly: Promote continuous flowering by removing spent blooms.
- Mulch Effectively: Protect roots and retain moisture with organic mulch.
- Shield from Frost: Mulch or lift tubers in harsh winters.
- Harvest Smartly: Cut flowers at the right time for long-lasting arrangements.
Companion Planting
Alstroemeria enhance garden aesthetics when paired with complementary plants:
- Ornamental Grasses: Add texture and contrast.
- Shasta Daisies: White blooms highlight Alstroemeria’s vibrant colours.
- Salvia: Attracts pollinators and adds height.
- Ferns: Provide shade and moisture retention at the base.
Avoid aggressive spreaders like mint, which compete for resources.
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Even with proper care, issues may arise. Here’s how to address them:
- Yellowing Leaves: Often due to overwatering or poor drainage. Adjust watering and improve soil structure.
- No Flowers: Insufficient light or nutrients may be the cause. Relocate to a sunnier spot or fertilise.
- Wilted Stems: Check for underwatering or root damage. Ensure consistent moisture and healthy roots.
- Pest Infestations: Aphids or spider mites can be managed with organic sprays or beneficial insects.
Prompt action keeps plants healthy and blooming when learning how to grow Alstroemeria successfully.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can Alstroemeria be grown in pots?
Yes, Alstroemeria thrive in pots at least 30cm deep with well-draining compost. Ensure regular watering and fertilising.
How often should I water Alstroemeria?
Water regularly to maintain moist soil, especially during growth and flowering. Established plants tolerate some drought but bloom better with consistent moisture.
Do Alstroemeria return annually?
As perennials, Alstroemeria regrow each year if planted in well-drained soil and protected from severe frost.
Are Alstroemeria invasive?
They can spread via rhizomes in some conditions. Contain them in pots or divide regularly to manage growth.
How long do Alstroemeria last as cut flowers?
With proper care, including regular water changes and stem recutting, they can last up to two weeks in a vase.
Recommended Alstroemeria Varieties
Alstroemeria Allure
Description: A stunning variety with soft pink blooms and delicate yellow throats, perfect for adding a touch of elegance to garden borders or containers.
Height: Approximately 60 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Allure from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Hula
Description: Known for its vibrant orange flowers with a hint of yellow, this variety brings a tropical flair to any garden setting.
Height: Around 50 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Hula from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Nirvana
Description: Features creamy white flowers with pink accents, ideal for brightening up shaded areas or mixed flower beds.
Height: About 70 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Nirvana from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria White Pink Blush
Description: This variety showcases white petals with a soft pink blush, offering a subtle and charming addition to any garden.
Height: Approximately 60 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria White Pink Blush from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Inticancha Paraiso
Description: A compact variety with rich purple flowers, perfect for smaller gardens or patio containers.
Height: Around 40 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Inticancha Paraiso from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Beach Valley
Description: Offers bright yellow blooms with red streaks, evoking a sunny beach vibe in your garden.
Height: About 50 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Beach Valley from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Summer Trio
Description: A mix of three vibrant colors, typically including shades of pink, red, and orange, for a dynamic display.
Height: Approximately 60 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Summer Trio from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Tree Everest Mix
Description: A taller mix with a variety of colors like pink, white, and red, ideal for creating height in garden borders.
Height: Up to 90 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Tree Everest Mix from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Summer Heat
Description: Features fiery red and orange blooms, bringing warmth and energy to summer gardens.
Height: Around 60 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Summer Heat from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Indian Summer
Description: Known for its bronze foliage and deep orange flowers, it offers a unique and striking contrast.
Height: About 70 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Indian Summer from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Summer Break
Description: Displays soft pink flowers with a hint of yellow, perfect for a refreshing summer look.
Height: Approximately 60 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Summer Break from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Summer Rose
Description: A romantic variety with rose-pink blooms, ideal for cutting gardens or floral arrangements.
Height: Around 60 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Summer Rose from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Inticancha Maya Pink Blush
Description: A dwarf variety with soft pink and white flowers, great for small spaces or container gardening.
Height: About 30 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Inticancha Maya Pink Blush from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Butterfly Hybrids
Description: A mix of colors resembling butterfly wings, typically in shades of purple, pink, and white.
Height: Approximately 50 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Butterfly Hybrids from Thompson and Morgan
Alstroemeria Spring Valley Summer Paradise Series
Description: Part of the Summer Paradise series, this variety offers bright pink and yellow flowers for a cheerful display.
Height: Around 60 cm.
Link: Buy Alstroemeria Spring Valley Summer Paradise Series from Thompson and Morgan
Further Reading
Conclusion
Mastering how to grow Alstroemeria offers UK gardeners a rewarding way to add vibrant, long-lasting blooms to their landscapes. By selecting the right variety, planting in well-drained soil, and providing consistent care, you can enjoy these stunning flowers from summer to autumn. With the tips and techniques outlined, your Alstroemeria will thrive, becoming a cherished feature of your garden for years to come.
